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11.
An extensive experimental and computational investigation of the combined and separate effects of free surface and body on the lift characteristics of a pair of fins attached to a strut and fin alone is conducted. The results reveal that the free-surface effect becomes significant when the depth of submergence to chord ratio (H/c) is less than three. The effect of the strut is also realized for shallower depth of submergence of the fins through free-surface deformation leading to a significant change in the incidence angle of the flow to the fins. The numerical results based on the Higher Order Boundary Element Method with the linearized free-surface condition show good agreement with the experimental results for fin (foil) alone even at shallow submergence, but some discrepancies appear for the fin attached to the strut at higher speeds mostly due to the neglect of the nonlinear free-surface effect. 相似文献
12.
Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary. 相似文献
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A finite-difference scheme and a modified marker-and-cell (MAC) algorithm have been developed to investigate the interactions of fully nonlinear waves with two- or three-dimensional structures of arbitrary shape. The Navier–Stokes (NS) and continuity equations are solved in the computational domain and the boundary values are updated at each time step by the finite-difference time-marching scheme in the framework of a rectangular coordinate system. The fully nonlinear kinematic free-surface condition is implemented by the marker-density function (MDF) technique developed for two fluid layers.To demonstrate the capability and accuracy of the present method, the numerical simulation of backstep flows with free-surface, and the numerical tests of the MDF technique with limit functions are conducted. The 3D program was then applied to nonlinear wave interactions with conical gravity platforms of circular and octagonal cross-sections. The numerical prediction of maximum wave run-up on arctic structures is compared with the prediction of the Shore Protection Manual (SPM) method and those of linear and second-order diffraction analyses based on potential theory and boundary element method (BEM). Through this comparison, the effects of non-linearity and viscosity on wave loading and run-up are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Experimental Investigation into the performance of the Axial-Flow-Type Waterjet according to the Variation of Impeller Tip Clearance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The tip clearance inside the duct from the tip of the impeller is very important to the performance of waterjet systems, which fact has been proven in the pump field. The tip clearance is especially important on the model scale because it is very difficult in manufacture to keep the tip clearance constant and minimally small along the inside of the duct. In the present study, a flush-type waterjet propulsion unit (duct, impeller, stator, and nozzle) was designed for an amphibious tracked vehicle. Two impellers of different inner diameter were designed and manufactured in order to investigate the gap effect. Resistance and self-propulsion tests with a 1/5-scale model were conducted in PNU towing tank. The flow rate at the nozzle exit, the static pressure at the various sections along the duct and also the nozzle, the revolution of the impeller, and the torque, thrust, and towing forces at various advanced speeds were measured. Based on these measurements, the performance was analyzed according to the ITTC 96 standard analysis method. Based on this analysis method, the full-scale effective and delivered power of the tracked vehicle was estimated according to the variation of tip clearance. 相似文献
15.
应用U37^K和δ^18O重建末次盛冰期以来海水古温度和海平面变化,U37^K-SST沉积记录表现了冰期/间冰期模式.U37^K-SST在冰后期23.3-26.9℃;末次盛冰期22.2-23.8℃.末次盛冰期时古温度比目前平均低4.7℃,南海北部季节性温差冰后期在4.5-7.0℃;末次盛冰期在7.0-9.0℃,远远超过同一纬度太平洋季节温差.末次冰期以来在气候降温的同时,伴有海平面下降,气候的冷暖交替对海平面变化具有决定性的控制意义. 相似文献
16.
Edelmann G.F. Akal T. Hodgkiss W.S. Seongil Kim Kuperman W.A. Hee Chun Song 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2002,27(3):602-609
In July 1999, an at-sea experiment to measure the focus of a 3.5-kHz centered time-reversal mirror (TRM) was conducted in three different environments: an absorptive bottom, a reflective bottom, and a sloping bottom. The experiment included a preliminary exploration of using a TRM to generate binary-phase shift keying communication sequences in each of these environments. Broadside communication transmissions were also made, and single-source communications were simulated using the measured-channel response. A comparison of the results is made and time reversal is shown to be an effective approach for mitigating inter-symbol interference caused by channel multipath. 相似文献
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This article introduces the most advanced form of electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) which complies with the performance standards for ECDIS established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). It also describes the key features and the important functions of ECDIS, which we developed. This system is different from the productions developed by C-map, Seven-cs, offshore, and others. It is more suitable for China Marine Safety Administration Bureau to manage the navigation marks real-time. Using this system charts were located and accessed rapidly, and displayed smoothly. This article also discusses in ECDIS application system how to dynamically access and desert charts data in a limited memory (limited computer memory and resource). We constructed a tridimensional structure to manage a large amount of charts data. Vertically, according to the scale range, all charts were divided into eight levels, and a data structure called as “Multiple Scale Quad-tree” was constructed. And horizontally, a grid (every unit has a fixed size) was given to a certain scale level. We call this data structure a “Regular Page.” We explore the implementation of such a structure on the worldwide charts management utilizing quad-trees. Then we discuss the future development of ECDIS and its application system in marine agencies in China. 相似文献
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